Traces-4 Identify any casualties.

List of RFID tag numbers: 1; 18; 19; 21; 28; 36; 47; 50; 56; 60; 65; 69; 76; 78

Short Answer:

We watched each RFID tag’s individual travel path in turn, which allowed us to find people who seemed to be casualties. Those who did not move, did not move much, or held a non-evacuating location for the last time section were treated as casualties (Figure 1).

Figure 1. Travel paths for people demonstrating casualty behavior

We characterized these casualties into different types (Table 1):

1. Immediate/near-immediate: the person had not moved at all following the explosion, or moved a very short distance
2. Considerable evacuation progress: the person appeared to move toward an exit before stopping and not moving for the last section of time, perhaps indicating that they obtained a mortal injury in the explosion
3. Second wave: the person had not been nearby at the time of the explosion, but came into the vicinity of the explosion and stayed there without moving for the last section of time, perhaps indicating death by fire, smoke inhalation, or some other after-effect of the bomb

Table 1: Casualty categories

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